Research progress on minimally invasive and non-invasive blood glucose detection methods / 生物医学工程学杂志

Blood glucose monitoring has become the weakest point in the overall management of diabetes in China. Long-term monitoring of blood glucose levels in diabetic patients has become an important means of controlling the development of diabetes and its complications, so that technological innovations in blood glucose testing methods have far-reaching implications for accurate blood glucose testing. This article discusses the basic principles of minimally invasive and non-invasive blood glucose testing assays, including urine glucose assays, tear assays, methods of extravasation of tissue fluid, and optical detection methods, etc., focuses on the advantages of minimally invasive and non-invasive blood glucose testing methods and the latest relevant results, and summarizes the current problems of various testing methods and prospects for future development trends.

PKM2 coordinates glycolysis with mitochondrial fusion and oxidative phosphorylation

A change in the metabolic flux of glucose from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to aerobic glycolysis is regarded as one hallmark of cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying the metabolic switch between aerobic glycolysis and OXPHOS are unclear. Here we show that the M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase (PKM2), one of the rate-limiting enzymes in glycolysis, interacts with mitofusin 2 (MFN2), a key regulator of mitochondrial fusion, to promote mitochondrial fusion and OXPHOS, and attenuate glycolysis. mTOR increases the PKM2:MFN2 interaction by phosphorylating MFN2 and thereby modulates the effect of PKM2:MFN2 on glycolysis, mitochondrial fusion and OXPHOS. Thus, an mTOR-MFN2-PKM2 signaling axis couples glycolysis and OXPHOS to modulate cancer cell growth.

Catheter-directed thrombolysis for patients with acute lower extremity deep vein thrombosis: a meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate case series studies that quantitatively assess the effects of catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) and compare the efficacy of CDT and anticoagulation in patients with acute lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT). METHODS: Relevant databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Ovid MEDLINE and Scopus, were searched through January 2017. The inclusion criteria were applied to select patients with acute lower extremity DVT treated with CDT or with anticoagulation. In the case series studies, the pooled estimates of efficacy outcomes for patency rate, complete lysis, rethrombosis and post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) were calculated across the studies. In studies comparing CDT with anticoagulation, summary odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. RESULTS: Twenty-five articles (six comparing CDT with anticoagulation and 19 case series) including 2254 patients met the eligibility criteria. In the case series studies, the pooled results were a patency rate of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.85-0.89), complete lysis 0.58 (95% CI: 0.40-0.75), rethrombosis 0.11 (95% CI: 0.06-0.17) and PTS 0.10 (95% CI: 0.08-0.12). Six studies comparing the efficacy outcomes of CDT and anticoagulation showed that CDT was associated with a reduction of PTS (OR 0.38, 95%CI 0.26-0.55, p<0.0001) and a higher patency rate (OR 4.76, 95%CI 2.14-10.56, p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Acute lower extremity DVT patients receiving CDT were found to have a lower incidence of PTS and a higher incidence of patency rate. In our meta-analysis, CDT is shown to be an effective treatment for acute lower extremity DVT patients.

Catheter-directed thrombolysis for patients with acute lower extremity deep vein thrombosis: a meta-analysis / Trombólise dirigida por cateter para pacientes com trombose venosa profunda aguda das extremidades inferiores: uma metanálise / Trombólisis dirigida por catéter para pacientes con trombosis venosa profunda aguda en las extremidades inferiores: un metanálisis

ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate case series studies that quantitatively assess the effects of catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) and compare the efficacy of CDT and anticoagulation in patients with acute lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Methods: Relevant databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Ovid MEDLINE and Scopus, were searched through January 2017. The inclusion criteria were applied to select patients with acute lower extremity DVT treated with CDT or with anticoagulation. In the case series studies, the pooled estimates of efficacy outcomes for patency rate, complete lysis, rethrombosis and post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) were calculated across the studies. In studies comparing CDT with anticoagulation, summary odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. Results: Twenty-five articles (six comparing CDT with anticoagulation and 19 case series) including 2254 patients met the eligibility criteria. In the case series studies, the pooled results were a patency rate of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.85-0.89), complete lysis 0.58 (95% CI: 0.40-0.75), rethrombosis 0.11 (95% CI: 0.06-0.17) and PTS 0.10 (95% CI: 0.08-0.12). Six studies comparing the efficacy outcomes of CDT and anticoagulation showed that CDT was associated with a reduction of PTS (OR 0.38, 95%CI 0.26-0.55, p<0.0001) and a higher patency rate (OR 4.76, 95%CI 2.14-10.56, p<0.0001). Conclusion: Acute lower extremity DVT patients receiving CDT were found to have a lower incidence of PTS and a higher incidence of patency rate. In our meta-analysis, CDT is shown to be an effective treatment for acute lower extremity DVT patients.

RESUMO Objetivos: Avaliar os estudos de séries de casos e avaliar quantitativamente os efeitos da trombólise dirigida por cateter (TDC) e comparar a eficácia entre TDC e anticoagulação nos pacientes com trombose venosa profunda aguda das extremidades inferiores (TVP) para tratamento futuro. Métodos: Foram pesquisadas as seguintes bases de dados relevantes: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Ovid MEDLINE e Scopus​. Os critérios de inclusão foram aplicados para pacientes selecionados com TVP aguda de extremidades inferiores tratados com TDC comparada a TDC com anticoagulação. Nos estudos de série de casos, as estimativas agrupadas de resultados de eficácia para a taxa de permeabilidade, lise completa, retrombose e síndrome pós-trombótica (SPT) foram calculadas em todos os estudos. Em estudos comparando TDC com anticoagulação, foi calculada a razão de chance de resumo (summary odds ratio - OR). Resultados: Vinte e cinco artigos (seis comparando TDC com anticoagulação e 19 séries de casos), incluindo 2.254 pacientes, preencheram os critérios de elegibilidade. Nos estudos da série de casos, os resultados agrupados foram: taxa de permeabilidade 0,87 (IC95%: 0,85-0,89), lise completa 0,58 (IC95%: 0,40-0,75), e retrombose 0,11 (IC95%: 0,06-0,17), SPT 0,10 (IC95%: 0,08-0,12). Seis estudos que compararam os resultados de eficácia entre TDC e anticoagulação mostraram que TDC foi associada à redução da SPT (OR 0,38; IC95%: 0,26-0,55; p<0,0001) e maior taxa de permeabilidade (OR 4,76; IC95%: 2,14-10,56; p<0,0001). Conclusão: Pacientes com TVP aguda de extremidades inferiores que recebem TDC estão associados a uma menor incidência de SPT e maior incidência de taxa de permeabilidade. Em nossa metanálise, TDC é um tratamento eficaz para pacientes com TVP aguda de extremidades inferiores.

RESUMEN Objetivos: Evaluar estudios de series de casos y evaluar cuantitativamente los efectos de la trombólisis dirigida por catéter (TDC) y comparar la eficacia entre la TDC y anticoagulación en pacientes con trombosis venosa profunda (TVP) aguda de las extremidades inferiores para el tratamiento futuro. Métodos: Se realizaron búsquedas en bases de datos relevantes, incluyendo PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Ovid MEDLINE y Scopus hasta enero de 2017. Los criterios de inclusión se aplicaron a pacientes seleccionados con TVP aguda de extremidad inferior tratados con TDC o comparados con TDC y anticoagulación. En estudios de series de casos, las estimaciones agrupadas de los resultados de eficacia para la tasa de patencia, la lisis completa, la retrombosis y el síndrome postrombótico (SPT) se calcularon a través de los estudios. En estudios que compararon la TDC con la anticoagulación, se calculó el resumen de las razónes de posibilidades (RP). Resultados: 25 artículos (seis que comparan TDC con anticoagulación y 19 series de casos) que incluyeron 2254 pacientes qienes cumplieron los criterios de elegibilidad. En los estudios de series de casos, los resultados agrupados fueron: tasa de patencia 0,87 (IC 95%: 0,85; 0,89), lisis completa 0,58 (IC 95%: 0,40; 0,75), retrombosis 0,11 (IC 95%: 0,06; 17,0), SPT 0,10 (IC 95%: 0,08; 0,12). Seis estudios que compararon los resultados de eficacia entre la TDC y anticoagulación mostraron que la TDC se asoció con una reducción de SPT (RP 0,38; IC 95%: 0,26; 0,55; p<0,0001) y una mayor tasa de patencia (RP 4,76; IC 95%: 2,14; 10,56; p<0,0001). Conclusión: Los pacientes con TVP aguda de extremidad inferior que reciben TDC se asocian con una menor incidencia de SPT y una mayor incidencia de tasa de patencia. En nuestro metanálisis, la TDC es un tratamiento efectivo para pacientes con TVP aguda de extremidad inferior.

Bibliometric analysis of studies on medical teaching case library construction in China / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To analyze current situation and development tendency of medical teaching case library construction and to provide information for medical teaching reform. Methods Bibliometrics was used to retrieve and analyze literatures on the subject of medical teaching case library construction from China National Knowledge Infrastructure, CBMdisc, VIP and Wanfang Data from construction to June 20th,2017. Results Totally 116 articles published in 71 journals were included.A gradual growth was found in the number of publication and funded articles. The average citation count was 2.05. A majority of articles were produced in Beijing, Guangdong and Shanghai. Medical teaching case library covered 9 majors and 42 courses and applied in class teaching (50.00%, 58/116), clinical practice (37.07%, 43/116), refresher training (2.59%, 3/116), assessment and evaluation (0.86%, 1/116). Satisfaction investigate,examination score analysis and expert review were commonly used to evaluate the quality of case library. Conclusions Researches in China on medical teaching case library construction were increasing in recent years.Case library were applied in various aspects of medical teaching,however, there still remained some problems.Articles on the subject of case library were not highly-cited.There was no core author group yet. The subject on medical case library still needed deep and further exploration. There′s suggestion that we should attach importance to medical case library construction and related study to push medical education reform.

Research progress on the involvement of nuclear receptor in regulating autophagy / 生物医学工程学杂志

Nuclear receptors are transcriptional regulators involved in almost all biological processes such as cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, substance metabolism and tumor formation, and they can be regulated by small molecules that bind to them. Autophagy is a special way of programmed cell death and it is a highly conserved metabolic process. Once autophagy defects or excessive autophagy occur, the disease will develop. In recent years, numerous studies have shown that nuclear receptors are related to autophagy. Therefore, this paper mainly reviews the research progress on nuclear receptors involved in the regulation of autophagy, and focuses on the mechanism of several nuclear receptors involved in the regulation of autophagy, aiming at understanding the molecular basis of how nuclear receptors participate in regulating autophagy, as well as providing possible ideas and strategies for the treatment of corresponding diseases.

The research progress of molecular biological mechanism of Chinese medicine for polycystic ovary syndrome / 国际中医中药杂志

The treatment of western medicine can improve the symptoms mainly by reducing androgen, improving insulin resistance. However, the pregnancy rates are still low, and the abortion rates are still high.Recently, several studies have shown beneficial effect of traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture, electro-acupuncture and catgut embedding therapies for the polycystic ovary syndrome by multi-target. Thus, the paper summarized the research progress.

Main influencing factors of career development for nurses:a Meta-analysis / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To reflect the main influencing factors of career development for Chinese nurses. Methods Databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP, CBM and Wanfang Data were searched to collect literature on the main influencing factors of career development for Chinese nurses. The literatures were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After extracting data and appraising the quality of the included studies,Meta-analysis was conducted by Revman 5.0 and Stata 12.0 software. Results Of the 494 identified studies, 8 studies were included. The summary effect size and 95％CI were found for psychological capital 0.44(0.16-0.73), self-efficacy0.35 (0.22- 0.48), positional titles 0.20(0.14- 0.27), hospital scale- 0.19(- 0.26-- 0.13), years of work experience 0.17(0.09-0.25), stress-0.17(-0.24--0.09) respectively. Conclusions Psychological capital, self-efficacy, positional titles, hospital scale, years of work experience and stress are the main influencing factors related to nurses′ career development. Nursing managers should pay attention to and actively develop nurses' psychological capital, use of different professional titles and seniority nurses reasonably, and reduce the work pressure to promote the nurse career development.

Caregiving experience study of family caregivers of senile dementia patients in community / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To get a more comprehensive view of caregiving experiences, and describe the caregiver burden and the positive aspects of caregiving of family caregivers of senile dementia patients in community and to explore the relationship between the caregiver burden and the positive aspects of caregiving. Methods Totally 80 family community-dwelling caregivers of senile dementia patients in community were investigated by Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI) and Positive Aspects of Caregiving (PAC) questionnaires. Results The score of CBI was 54.73 ± 13.15 and the score of PAC was 28.53 ± 5.37. The score of PAC was negatively correlated with the caregiver burden (r=-0.243, P<0.05). Conclusions The caregiver burden of the family community-dwelling caregivers of dementia patients is high and the positive aspects of caregiving is at middle level. Professional help and support should be provided to the family caregivers of dementia patients by the community health service centers on the premise that the caregiving experience is fully understood. Our aim is to reduce their burden, strengthen the caregiving skills and improve the positive aspects of caregiving simultaneously.

NSC-640358 acts as RXRα ligand to promote TNFα-mediated apoptosis of cancer cell

Retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) and its N-terminally truncated version tRXRα play important roles in tumorigenesis, while some RXRα ligands possess potent anti-cancer activities by targeting and modulating the tumorigenic effects of RXRα and tRXRα. Here we describe NSC-640358 (N-6), a thiazolyl-pyrazole derived compound, acts as a selective RXRα ligand to promote TNFα-mediated apoptosis of cancer cell. N-6 binds to RXRα and inhibits the transactivation of RXRα homodimer and RXRα/TR3 heterodimer. Using mutational analysis and computational study, we determine that Arg316 in RXRα, essential for 9-cis-retinoic acid binding and activating RXRα transactivation, is not required for antagonist effects of N-6, whereas Trp305 and Phe313 are crucial for N-6 binding to RXRα by forming extra π-π stacking interactions with N-6, indicating a distinct RXRα binding mode of N-6. N-6 inhibits TR3-stimulated transactivation of Gal4-DBD-RXRα-LBD by binding to the ligand binding pocket of RXRα-LBD, suggesting a strategy to regulate TR3 activity indirectly by using small molecules to target its interacting partner RXRα. For its physiological activities, we show that N-6 strongly inhibits tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-induced AKT activation and stimulates TNFα-mediated apoptosis in cancer cells in an RXRα/tRXRα dependent manner. The inhibition of TNFα-induced tRXRα/p85α complex formation by N-6 implies that N-6 targets tRXRα to inhibit TNFα-induced AKT activation and to induce cancer cell apoptosis. Together, our data illustrate a new RXRα ligand with a unique RXRα binding mode and the abilities to regulate TR3 activity indirectly and to induce TNFα-mediated cancer cell apoptosis by targeting RXRα/tRXRα.

The investigation of community type 2 diabetic patients with peripheral arterial disease and nursing countermeasures / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate the status of community type 2 diabetic patients with peripheral arterial disease,analyze the influencing factors and put forward nursing countermeasures.Methods 210 type 2 diabetic patients living in a community in Shanghai were enrolled in the investigation.ABI and arterial peak velocity were measured using Doppler blood flow detector,symptoms and signs of foot were assessed and related laboratory examinations,including HbA1c,HDL-C,LDL-C were tested.Results There were 49 cases of ABI ＜ 0.9.The proportion of abnormal color of foot skin,edema,abnormal pulsation of dorsal artery of foot and sense of coldness in group of ABI ＜ 0.9 were larger than group of ABI≥0.9.There was no statistical significance between the two groups in the pain at rest and intermittent claudication.Logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that age and LDL-C not up to the standard were risk factors of PAD and the peak of foot dorsal artery flow was a protective factor of PAD.Conclusions It's important to early screen for PAD and to adopt corresponding nursing measures on the basis of treatment.We hope to further prevent the development of PAD and effectively prevent diabetic foot.

The screening and analysis of influencing factors for risk population of diabetic foot in community / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate the status of risk population of diabetic foot in community and analyze the influencing factors.Methods 210 diabetes patients living in a community in Shanghai were enrolled,acoording to Gavin's weighted integral method with risk factors of diabetic foot,Doppler blood flow detector,Semmes Weistein 5.07 (10 g) nylon monofilament and 128Hz tuning fork were used to screen for the risk population of diabetic foot.Results Risk population of diabetic foot were 174 patients (82.9％),wherein the low risk group were 112 patients (53.4％),in the middle and high risk group were 62 people (29.5％).In addition to the Gavin's diabetic foot risk factors,different ages,cultural degrees,the values of FBG,PBG and HbAlc would also affect the risk level of diabetic foot.While the values of FBG,PBG and HbAlc of diabetes patients in the moderate and high risk group were significantly higher than those in the normal group.Conclusions We should make early screening for risk factors of diabetic foot and strengthen health education and management in order to effectively prevent diabetic foot.

Exploratory factor analysis of "The Compliance Scale Among Kidney Transplantation Recipients" / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the structure of self-developed "The Compliance Scale Among Kidney Transplantation Recipients" in order to provide effective tool to evaluate kidney transplantation recipients' compliance. Methods 886 follow-up kidney transplantation recipients of six organ transplantation centers in Shanghai were surveyed by "The Compliance Scale Among Kidney Transplantation Recipients". Results The exploratory factor analysis yielded a 25-item four-factor model termed medication compliance, life habits compliance, self-monitoring compliance, follow-up compliance. Conclusions The self-developed "The Compliance Scale Among Kidney Transplantation Recipients" could be a useful tool for evaluating compliance among kidney transplantation recipients.

Development of reproductive tract infections related health belief scale for fertile woman / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To develop a suitable instrument for measuring health beliefs related to reproductive tract infections (RTIs) and testing its reliability and validity. Methods Within the framework of the Health Belief Model, 500 questionnaires of health beliefs related to RTIs were collected, its reliability and validity was analyzed. Results The instrument contained two subscales, all content validity index(CVI)were 1.0. RTIs-related health belief subscale extracted four factors, the cumulative variance was 75.91%;RTIs-related self-efficacy subscale extracted four factors,the cumulative variance was 68.19%. Scale statistics consisted with the structure and design structure. The dimensions Cronbach's α coefficient, test-retest reliability, split half reliability were greater than 0.70. Conclusions This scale has good reliability and validity and can be used for measuring health beliefs related to reproductive tract infections in women of childbearing age.

Evaluation of problem-based learning from students'angle / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To know the advantages and disadvantages of problem-based learning from students'angle. Methods Interviewed 15 students by PBL scale and face to face interview,to know their ideas about problem-based learning,and then analyzed the results. Results PBL contributed to developing problem-solving skills,self-directed learning,team collaboration and extending professional knowl-edge. But it failed to show positive effect on students'learning motivation. Conclusions PBL has two sides on the outcomes of learning. Implementing PBL appropriately could gain the optimal effects.

The Relationship of nm23 and VEGF Expression with Lymph Node Micrometastasis of Stage Ⅰ Non-small Cell Lung Cancer / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective: To investigate the relationship of nm23 and VEGF expression with hilar lymph node micrometastasis and the prognosis of stage Ⅰ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Immunohisto-chemistry was used to detect nm23 and VEGF protein expression in primary cancer tissue and cytokeratins in 86 hilar lymph nodes from 40 patients with stage Ⅰ NSCLC. Kaplan-meier method and Log rank test were used to analyze the 5-year survival. Results: The rate of positive hilar lymph node micrometastasis was 12.5% for stage Ⅰ NSCLC. Lymph node micrometastasis was not statistically correlated with gender, age, histologic type, differentiation, primary tumor size or VEGF protein expression (P>0.05). But it was reversely associated with nm23 protein expression in primary cancer tissue of NSCLC (P<0.05). The 5-year overall survival of pa-tients with well-differentiated NSCLC, positive nm23 expression and negative lymph node micrometastasis was better than those with moderately and poorly differentiated NSCLC, negative nm23 expression and posi-tive lymph node micrometastasis (P<0.05). Lymph node micrometastasis and nm23 protein expression were identified as two independent prognostic factors for stage Ⅰ NSCLC by univariate Cox regression analysis.Conclusion: nm23 protein expression in pdmary cancer tissue of stage Ⅰ NSCLC is closely associated with hi-lar lymph node micrometastasis, nm23 protein and hilar lymph node micrometastasis are two independent prognostic factors for stage Ⅰ NSCLC. Patients with nm23 protein deletion and positive lymph node microme-tastasis have a poor prognosis.

Isolation and analysis of oxalic acid insensitive mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana / 生物工程学报

Oxalic acid (OA) is inhibitory to many fungal plant pathogens. To further characterize the molecular mechanism of OA involved in fungal pathogenesis, OA insensitive mutants were screened from a chemical inducible Arabidopsis mutant library (about 6000 lines) using MS medium (calcium free) containing 1.2 mmol/L OA and 10 micromol/L estradiol. Harvested putative mutants were collected separately. Individual lines of mutants were screened again on modified MS medium containing OA. Mutants D33, D74, D154, D282 and D630 with enhanced OA resistance were obtained. The T-DNA flanking sequences were amplified by TAIL-PCR. The sequences were blasted against TAIR database. The result indicated that the T-DNA of mutant D33 was inserted between At2g39720 (zinc finger) and At2g39730 (Rubisco activase), and the T-DNA junctions of the other four mutants were the same, all inserted in the same site of the first intron of At5g10450 (14-3-3 protein GF14 lambda).